C#的对象和XML文件的转换

很多时候，我们开发程序都需要使用到对象的XML序列化和反序列化，对象的XML序列化和反序列化，既可以使用XML对象（XmlDocument ）进行操作，也可以使用XmlSerializer进行操作，两个各有优点，就操作性而已，我倾向于使用后者来操作XML。本文介绍三种方式操作XML，普通的XDocument的API操作，方便的XmlSerializer对象序列化及反序列化操作，加密XML对象序列化操作。

1、普通的XML对象操作，利用XML对象（XmlDocument ）。

一个典型的利用XmlDocument对象操作XML的例子代码如下。



    public static void RunSnippet()
    {
        XmlDocument xmldoc = new XmlDocument ( ) ;
　　　　//加入XML的声明段落
　　　　XmlNode xmlnode = xmldoc.CreateNode ( XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration , "" , "" ) ;
　　　　xmldoc.AppendChild (xmlnode ) ;
　　　　//加入一个根元素
　　　　XmlElement xmlelem = xmldoc.CreateElement ( "" , "ROOT" , "" ) ;
　　　　XmlText xmltext = xmldoc.CreateTextNode ( "Root Text" ) ;
　　　　xmlelem.AppendChild ( xmltext ) ;
　　　　xmldoc.AppendChild ( xmlelem ) ;
　　　　//加入另外一个元素
　　　　XmlElement xmlelem2 = xmldoc.CreateElement ("SampleElement" ) ;
　　　　xmlelem2 = xmldoc.CreateElement ( "" , "SampleElement" , "" ) ;
　　　　xmltext = xmldoc.CreateTextNode ( "The text of the sample element" ) ;
　　　　xmlelem2.AppendChild ( xmltext ) ;
　　　　xmldoc.ChildNodes.Item(1).AppendChild ( xmlelem2 ) ;
　　　　//保存创建好的XML文档
　　　　try
　　　　{
　　　　　　xmldoc.Save ( "c:\\data.xml" ) ;
　　　　}
　　　　catch ( Exception e )
　　　　{
　　　　　　//显示错误信息
　　　　　　Console.WriteLine ( e.Message ) ;
　　　　}
　　　　Console.ReadLine ( ) ;
    }


得到的输出结果如下所示。

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ROOT>Root Text
    <SampleElement>The text of the sample element</SampleElement>
</ROOT>
2、使用XmlSerializer进行XML操作

先提供两个对象的序列化和反序列化的封装函数，如下所示。



        /// <summary>
        /// 对象序列化XML到文件中
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">文件路径</param>
        /// <param name="obj">对象</param>
        /// <param name="type">对象类型</param>
        private bool XmlSerialize(string path, object obj, Type type)
        {
            XmlSerializerNamespaces ns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
            ns.Add("", "");

            try
            {
                //如果文件目录不存在，那么创建目录
                if (!File.Exists(path))
                {
                    FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(path);
                    if (!fi.Directory.Exists)
                    {
                        Directory.CreateDirectory(fi.Directory.FullName);
                    }
                }

                using (Stream stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None))
                {
                    XmlSerializer format = new XmlSerializer(type);

                    format.Serialize(stream, obj, ns);
                    stream.Close();
                }

                return true;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                return false;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// XML反序列化
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">文件路径</param>
        /// <param name="type">对象类型</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private object XmlDeserialize(string path, Type type)
        {
            try
            {
                using (Stream stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read))
                {
                    XmlSerializer formatter = new XmlSerializer(type);
                    stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                    object obj = formatter.Deserialize(stream);
                    stream.Close();
                    return obj;
                }
            }
            catch
            {
                return null;
            }
        }


注意其中代码      



     XmlSerializerNamespaces ns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();

     ns.Add("", "");
是把默认的xmlns命名空间多余的内容去掉，这样得到比较干净的XML。

在使用的时候，我们需要定义好对象的实体，这样才能给予对象进行操作，定义的实体类如下所示。



    [Serializable]
    public class UserInfo
    {                
        public string ID { get; set; }
        public string UserNo{ get; set; }
        public string UserName { get; set; }
        public string Sex { get; set; }
        public string Birthday { get; set; }
    }

    [Serializable]
    public class DataOfUser
    {
        [XmlElement(ElementName = "m_User")]
        public List<UserInfo> list = new List<UserInfo>();
    }


调用序列化函数的代码例子如下所示



       private void btnUserNormal_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            DataOfUser obj = new DataOfUser();
            UserInfo user = new UserInfo();
            user.ID=Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
            user.Sex = "男";
            user.UserName = "张三";
            user.UserNo = "20010001";
            user.Birthday = "1999-1-1";
            obj.list.Add(user);

            user = new UserInfo();
            user.ID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
            user.Sex = "女";
            user.UserName = "李氏";
            user.UserNo = "20020001";
            user.Birthday = "1998-1-1";
            obj.list.Add(user);

            try
            {
                XmlSerialize("C:\\User.xml", obj, obj.GetType());
                MessageUtil.ShowTips("Ok");
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageUtil.ShowError(ex.Message);
            }
        }


这样得到的XML内容如下所示。



<?xml version="1.0"?>
<DataOfUser>
  <m_User>
    <ID>f8a8b323-5c56-4c21-9ddf-1cd30f78dfca</ID>
    <UserNo>20010001</UserNo>
    <UserName>张三</UserName>
    <Sex>男</Sex>
    <Birthday>1999-1-1</Birthday>
  </m_User>
  <m_User>
    <ID>bbb36378-ec27-4e20-ad4b-2d2dc7e142e4</ID>
    <UserNo>20020001</UserNo>
    <UserName>李氏</UserName>
    <Sex>女</Sex>
    <Birthday>1998-1-1</Birthday>
  </m_User>
</DataOfUser>


反序列化的操作也比较简单，不再赘述。

3）把对象实例化到XML中并进行加密处理

首先我们定义两个序列化加密、解码并反序列化的函数如下所示。



        /// <summary>
        /// XML序列化并加密
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">文件路径</param>
        /// <param name="obj">对象</param>
        /// <param name="type">对象类型</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private bool XmlSerializeEncrypt(string path, object obj, Type type)
        {
            XmlSerializerNamespaces ns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
            ns.Add("", "");

            try
            {
                if (!File.Exists(path))
                {
                    FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(path);
                    if (!fi.Directory.Exists)
                    {
                        Directory.CreateDirectory(fi.Directory.FullName);
                    }
                }

                using (Stream stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None))
                {      
                    string content = "";
                    using(MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
                    {
                        XmlSerializer format = new XmlSerializer(type);
                        format.Serialize(ms, obj, ns);
                        ms.Seek(0, 0);
                        content = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray());
                    }

                    string encrypt = EncodeHelper.EncryptString(content);
                    byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(encrypt);
                    stream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
                    stream.Close();
                }
                

                return true;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                return false;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 解密并进行XML反序列化
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">文件路径</param>
        /// <param name="type">对象类型</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private object XmlDeserializeDecrypt(string path, Type type)
        {
            try
            {
                string encrypt = File.ReadAllText(path, Encoding.UTF8);
                string content = EncodeHelper.DecryptString(encrypt, true);
                byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(content);
                using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(bytes))
                {                  
                    XmlSerializer formatter = new XmlSerializer(type);
                    
                    stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                    object obj = formatter.Deserialize(stream);
                    stream.Close();
                    return obj;
                }
            }
            catch(Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                return null;
            }
        }


这样函数定义好后，调用和前面没有加密的差不多，如下所示。



        private void btnUserEncrypt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            DataOfUser obj = new DataOfUser();
            UserInfo user = new UserInfo();
            user.ID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
            user.Sex = "男";
            user.UserName = "张三";
            user.UserNo = "20010001";
            user.Birthday = "1999-1-1";
            obj.list.Add(user);

            user = new UserInfo();
            user.ID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
            user.Sex = "女";
            user.UserName = "李氏";
            user.UserNo = "20020001";
            user.Birthday = "1998-1-1";
            obj.list.Add(user);

            try
            {
                XmlSerializeEncrypt("C:\\User-Encrypt.xml", obj, obj.GetType());
                MessageUtil.ShowTips("Ok");
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageUtil.ShowError(ex.Message);
            }
        }

        private void btnUserDecrypt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string file = FileDialogHelper.OpenFile();
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(file))
            {
                DataOfUser info = XmlDeserializeDecrypt(file, typeof(DataOfUser)) as DataOfUser;
                if (info != null)
                {
                    MessageUtil.ShowTips("OK");
                }
            }
        }

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